German Grammar Guide

Present tense for regular verbs

Conjugation of to be and to have

Nominative case for subjects

Accusative case for direct objects

Negation with nicht and kein

Definite articles in German

Modal verb can/to be able to

Modal verb would like

Separable verbs

Modal verb must/have to

Imperative mood for commands

Word order in main clauses (V2)

Perfect tense for past actions

Dative case for indirect objects

Two-way prepositions with accusative/dative

Personal pronouns in accusative and dative

Possessive articles in all cases

Simple past of modal verbs

Comparative forms

Indirect yes/no questions with ob

Temporal prepositions: vor, nach, seit, bis

Local prepositions: zu, bei, von, aus, nach

Because-clauses

That-clauses

Adverbial connectors: deshalb, trotzdem, deswegen

Adjective endings with definite articles

Polite requests with könnten Sie, würden Sie, dürfte ich

Superlative forms

Reflexive verbs

Infinitive clauses with um...zu (in order to)

Perfect tense of irregular verbs

Interrogative pronouns welch- (which)

Simple past for narratives

When/if-clauses

Genitive case for possession

Full adjective declension in all cases

Future tense with werden

When-clauses for past events

Past perfect tense

Temporal clauses with nachdem, bevor, während

Concessive clauses with obwohl

Infinitive constructions with zu

Present passive voice

Relative clauses

Passive voice with modal verbs

Two-part conjunctions: sowohl...als auch, weder...noch, etc.

Weak noun declension (n-declension)

Subjunctive II with würde

Indirect speech basics

Past subjunctive II (unreal past)

Purpose clauses with damit and um...zu

Uses of the verb lassen (let, have done, leave)

Complete subjunctive II forms

Passive in all tenses

Subjective use of modal verbs (probability, assumption)

Extended genitive usage with prepositions and expressions

Genitive prepositions: aufgrund, anhand, infolge, etc.

Subjunctive I for reported speech

Participial constructions

Adversative connectors: während, dagegen, hingegen

Statal passive with sein

Noun-verb combinations and collocations

Nominalization of verbs and adjectives

All types of conditional sentences

Complex past subjunctive with modal verbs

Modal particles: doch, ja, mal, eben, halt

Impersonal es constructions

Future perfect tense

Complex subordinate clause structures

Attributive subordinate clauses with complex references

Comparative clauses: je...desto, als ob

Differentiated causal/concessive connectors: zumal, nichtsdestotrotz, gleichwohl

Extended participial constructions

Modal clauses

Subjective meaning of modals (epistemic use)

Complex connectors: insofern als, sofern, es sei denn

Substantivated adjectives: der/die/das Gute, Reisende

Light verb constructions

Consecutive clauses

Passive alternatives: sich lassen, -bar/-lich adjectives

Text reference devices: ersteres/letzteres, besagter, derjenige

Word formation with prefixes: ver-, ent-, zer-, miss-

Concessive clauses

Purpose clauses

Advanced indirect speech with Konjunktiv I and II

Complex causal constructions: zumal, umso mehr als

Text cohesion devices: connectors, pro-forms, theme-rheme

Nominal vs verbal style

Style levels and registers

Academic and scientific language register

Complex adversative structures: wohingegen, indessen, dessen ungeachtet

Appositions and parenthetical insertions in complex sentences